Fundamentals

Introductory topics for starting with C++, including basic syntax, variables, operators, loops, and functions.

Fundamentals

A starting point for C++: basic syntax, the build process, variables, data types, and operators. Learn control flow with conditionals and loops, function definitions, and using standard headers with #include.

Goal: Master basic syntax and control flow to build a solid foundation for more advanced C++ topics.

TL;DR

First program: int main(), std::cout, #include <iostream>.
Core types: int, double, char, bool, std::string.
Control flow: if/else, switch, for, while, do...while.
Functions: declaration, definition, parameters, return types.

What is C++? First Steps in Programming

28 May 2026 • Fundamentals

Learn the basics of C++ programming, its core concepts, common use cases, and how to write your first programs.

C++ C++ Basics

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Setting up C++ Compiler & IDE (Visual Studio, GCC, Clang)

28 May 2026 • Fundamentals

Learn how to set up a C++ development environment using Visual Studio, GCC, and Clang compilers with step-by-step guidance.

C++ Visual Studio

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First C++ Program: How “Hello World” Works

28 May 2026 • Fundamentals

Write your first C++ program and learn how “Hello World” works, including compilation, execution, and basic program flow.

C++ C++ Basics

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Variables, Data Types, and auto in C++

28 May 2026 • Fundamentals

Learn variables, data types, and the auto keyword in C++ with practical examples of type deduction and memory usage.

C++ C++ Basics Data Types Variables

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Operators in C++: Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical

28 May 2026 • Fundamentals

Learn arithmetic, comparison, and logical operators in C++ to perform calculations and control program flow effectively.

C++ C++ Basics Operators

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Conditional Statements in C++: if, else if, switch

28 May 2026 • Fundamentals

Learn conditional statements in C++ using if, else if, and switch to control decision-making and program flow.

C++ if Statement

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Loops in C++: for, while, do-while

28 May 2026 • Fundamentals

Learn loops in C++ using for, while, and do-while statements to repeat tasks and control program execution efficiently.

C++ for Loop while Loop

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Introduction to Functions in C++: Define, Call, Parameters

28 May 2026 • Fundamentals

Learn functions in C++, including defining, calling, and using parameters to build modular and reusable programs.

C++ C++ Basics

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Scope and Lifetime in C++

28 May 2026 • Fundamentals

Learn scope and lifetime in C++ to understand variable visibility, object lifetime, and memory management concepts.

C++

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String Handling in C++: C-Style and std::string

28 May 2026 • Fundamentals

Learn string handling in C++ using C-style strings and std::string for text processing, concatenation, and manipulation.

C++ String Operations

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In C++, using auto improves readability when the type is obvious or very long. It helps focus on what the code does instead of how the type is written.


std::map<int, std::string> users;

// long and noisy
std::map<int, std::string>::iterator it = users.begin();

// clearer
auto it = users.begin();

In C++, functions that return bool should be named like questions. This makes conditions easier to read and understand.


// unclear
bool checkUser();

// clearer
bool isUserValid();
bool hasAccess();
bool isReady();

In C++, choosing meaningful variable names makes the code easier to read and understand without needing extra comments.


// unclear
int x;
int y;

// clearer
int totalCount;
int maxRetries;

In C++, functions should do only one thing. Single-purpose functions are easier to read, test, and maintain.


// does too many things
void processUser(User user)
{
    validate(user);
    saveToDatabase(user);
    sendEmail(user);
}

// better: single responsibility
void validateUser(User user);
void saveUser(User user);
void sendWelcomeEmail(User user);

In C++, returning early from a function helps reduce nested conditions and makes the code easier to read.


// nested conditions
void process(int value)
{
    if (value > 0)
    {
        if (value < 100)
        {
            doWork(value);
        }
    }
}

// early return
void process(int value)
{
    if (value <= 0)
    {
        return;
    }

    if (value >= 100)
    {
        return;
    }

    doWork(value);
}