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Articles, references, and practical project series on software development.

Guides

C#

From language basics to LINQ, async/await, and the .NET ecosystem; modern features and best practices for production-ready apps.

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Featured Articles

Delegates and Events in C#

Learn delegates and events in C# to build event-driven applications using callbacks, subscriptions, and real-world examples.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Patterns

C# C# Delegates C# Events Object-Oriented Programming

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Class, Object, Property and Methods in C#

Learn how classes, objects, properties, and methods work in C# and form the core building blocks of object-oriented programming.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Patterns

C# C# Object-Oriented Programming Classes Methods

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Interfaces and Abstract Classes in C#

Learn interfaces and abstract classes in C#, their differences, and when to use each approach to design clean and extensible code.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Patterns

C# C# Object-Oriented Programming Classes Interfaces

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Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism in C#

Learn encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism in C# with clear examples to understand core OOP principles and real use cases.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Patterns

C# C# Object-Oriented Programming Classes Encapsulation Inheritance Polymorphism

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Dependency Injection Basics in C#

Learn the basics of Dependency Injection in C#, including managing dependencies, loose coupling, and improving testability.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Patterns

C# Dependency Injection

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C# Exception Handling (try, catch, finally)

Learn how to handle exceptions in C# using try, catch, and finally blocks to manage errors safely with clear examples.

Language Basics

C# Error Handling try-catch

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Design Patterns in C# (Factory, Singleton, Repository, Observer)

Learn design patterns in C#, including Factory, Singleton, Repository, and Observer, to build flexible and maintainable applications.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Patterns

C# Repository Pattern

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Extension Methods in C#

Learn extension methods in C# to add new functionality to existing types without modifying their source code.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Patterns

C# Methods

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Lambda Expressions in C#

Learn lambda expressions in C#, including concise syntax, Func and Action delegates, and practical LINQ usage examples.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Patterns

C# LINQ

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Using Constants and Enums in C#

Learn how to use constants and enums in C# to write cleaner, safer, and more maintainable code with clear explanations and examples.

Language Basics

C# Constants Enum

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Methods and Parameter Usage in C#

Learn how to define methods and use parameters in C#, including value and reference parameters, optional parameters, and examples.

Language Basics

C# Methods Parameters

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Interop in C# (Working with C/C++ Libraries)

Learn how to use Interop in C# to work with C/C++ libraries, including P/Invoke, unmanaged code, and data marshaling.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Patterns

C# C++ Interop

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C# Type Conversions

Learn how type conversions work in C#, including implicit and explicit casting, Parse, TryParse, and Convert methods with examples.

Language Basics

C# Type Conversion

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Constructors, Destructors and this in C#

Learn how constructors, destructors, and the this keyword work in C# to manage object lifecycle and class-level access.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Patterns

C# C# Object-Oriented Programming Classes

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Arrays in C#

Learn arrays in C#, including declaration, indexing, looping through elements, and common array operations with examples.

Data and Collections

Arrays C#

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Introduction to C# and the .NET Ecosystem

C# is a modern, safe, and object-oriented language. With the .NET ecosystem, it is possible to develop web, mobile, desktop, and game applications.

Language Basics

C# C# Basics

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C# String Operations

Learn how to work with strings in C#, including concatenation, searching, substring, IndexOf, and other essential string operations.

Language Basics

C# String Operations

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LINQ Basics in C# (Where, Select, OrderBy)

Learn LINQ basics in C# using Where, Select, and OrderBy to query, filter, and sort collections with practical examples.

Data and Collections

C# LINQ Basics

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Collections in C#: List, Dictionary, Queue, Stack

Learn C# collections like List, Dictionary, Queue, and Stack to store and manage data efficiently with practical examples.

Data and Collections

C# C# Collections Dictionaries Lists Queues Stacks

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Random Operations in C#

Learn how to use the Random class in C# to generate random numbers, values, and selections using Next, NextDouble, and examples.

Language Basics

C# Random

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Generics in C# (List, Dictionary)

Learn generics in C#, including List and Dictionary, to write type-safe and reusable code with examples.

Data and Collections

C# C# Generics Dictionaries Lists

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Structs in C# – Differences from Classes

Learn the key differences between structs and classes in C#, including memory model, inheritance, boxing, and performance.

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Patterns

C# C# Object-Oriented Programming Structs

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C# Basic Data Types

Basic data types in C#: numeric, text, logical, object-based, and nullable types.

Language Basics

C# C# Basics Variables

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C# Boolean Operations

Learn how boolean operations work in C#, including the bool type, comparisons, and logical operators like &&, ||, and ! with examples.

Language Basics

Boolean C#

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C# Conditional Statements (if, else, switch)

Decision structures in C#: learn how to use if, else if, else and switch to perform different actions based on conditions.

Language Basics

C# else Statement if Statement switch Statement

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Getting Started Articles

Introduction to C# and the .NET Ecosystem

In C#, avoid calling ToList() unless you really need a list. Using it unnecessarily can cause extra memory usage and performance overhead.


// Unnecessary ToList()
var activeUsers = users
    .Where(u => u.IsActive)
    .ToList();

foreach (var user in activeUsers)
{
    Console.WriteLine(user.Name);
}

// Better approach
var activeUsersBetter = users
    .Where(u => u.IsActive);

foreach (var user in activeUsersBetter)
{
    Console.WriteLine(user.Name);
}

In C#, use class when objects are identified by who they are. Use record when objects are identified by their values.


// class: identity-based
class User
{
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Age { get; set; }
}

var u1 = new User { Name = "Alice", Age = 30 };
var u2 = new User { Name = "Alice", Age = 30 };

Console.WriteLine(u1 == u2); // False


// record: value-based
record UserRecord(string Name, int Age);

var r1 = new UserRecord("Alice", 30);
var r2 = new UserRecord("Alice", 30);

Console.WriteLine(r1 == r2); // True

In C#, the ??= operator assigns a value only when the variable has no value (null). If the variable already has a value, it stays the same.


string? title = null;

// If title has no value, a value is assigned
title ??= "Untitled";
Console.WriteLine(title); // Untitled

// Since title already has a value, nothing changes
title ??= "New Title";
Console.WriteLine(title); // Untitled

In C++, avoid writing unnecessary return true or return false. You can usually return the condition directly to make the code shorter and clearer.


// unnecessary
bool isPositive(int value)
{
    if (value > 0)
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}

// cleaner
bool isPositive(int value)
{
    return value > 0;
}

In C++, keeping conditions simple by giving each comparison a single responsibility makes code easier to read and understand.


// hard to read
if (isActive && hasPermission && retryCount < 3)
{
    process();
}

// clearer
bool canProcess = isActive && hasPermission;

if (canProcess && retryCount < 3)
{
    process();
}

Featured Examples

IP Rate Limiting in ASP.NET Core (.NET 8): Return 429 Too Many Requests

22 February 2026 • C#

Limit requests per IP using .NET 8’s built-in rate limiting middleware and return 429 with Retry-After to protect your API from abuse.

All Coder Things

Articles, references, and practical project series on software development.

Guides

C#

Featured Articles

Delegates and Events in C#

Class, Object, Property and Methods in C#

Interfaces and Abstract Classes in C#

Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism in C#

Dependency Injection Basics in C#

C# Exception Handling (try, catch, finally)

Design Patterns in C# (Factory, Singleton, Repository, Observer)

Extension Methods in C#

Lambda Expressions in C#

Using Constants and Enums in C#

Methods and Parameter Usage in C#

Interop in C# (Working with C/C++ Libraries)

C# Type Conversions

Constructors, Destructors and this in C#

Arrays in C#

Introduction to C# and the .NET Ecosystem

C# String Operations

LINQ Basics in C# (Where, Select, OrderBy)

Collections in C#: List, Dictionary, Queue, Stack

Random Operations in C#

Generics in C# (List, Dictionary)

Structs in C# – Differences from Classes

C# Basic Data Types

C# Boolean Operations

C# Conditional Statements (if, else, switch)

Latest Examples

Zip a Folder with Progress in .NET (WPF Example)

Standard API Response Wrapper in ASP.NET Core (Result)

IP Rate Limiting in ASP.NET Core (.NET 8): Return 429 Too Many Requests

ProblemDetails in ASP.NET Core: Clean Error Responses with TraceId

Cleaner Pagination in ASP.NET Core Web API (Headers + Link)

Featured Examples

IP Rate Limiting in ASP.NET Core (.NET 8): Return 429 Too Many Requests