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C#

From language basics to LINQ, async/await, and the .NET ecosystem; modern features and best practices for production-ready apps.

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Featured Articles

First C# Project

First console app in C# with Visual Studio 2022: usage of WriteLine, ReadKey, and ReadLine.

Language Basics

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C# Basic Data Types

Basic data types in C#: numeric, text, logical, object-based, and nullable types.

Language Basics

C# C# Basics Variables

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Introduction to C# and the .NET Ecosystem

C# is a modern, safe, and object-oriented language. With the .NET ecosystem, it is possible to develop web, mobile, desktop, and game applications.

Language Basics

C# C# Basics

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C# Operators and Expressions

Operators and expressions in C#: arithmetic, comparison, logical, increment/decrement, ternary, and null-coalescing usage.

Language Basics

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C# Syntax Structure

Learn the basics of C# syntax, including code blocks, comments, and variable naming rules, with clear explanations and practical examples.

Language Basics

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C# Conditional Statements (if, else, switch)

Decision structures in C#: learn how to use if, else if, else and switch to perform different actions based on conditions.

Language Basics

C# else Statement if Statement switch Statement

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Getting Started Articles

Introduction to C# and the .NET Ecosystem

In C#, the ?. operator allows you to safely access a property or method. If the object has no value (null), the result is also null and no error occurs.


Person? person = null;

// Old approach
string name1 = person != null ? person.Name : null;

// Recommended approach
string? name2 = person?.Name;

Console.WriteLine(name1); // null
Console.WriteLine(name2); // null

In C++, prefer using nullptr instead of NULL. nullptr is type-safe and avoids ambiguous comparisons.


int* ptr = nullptr;

if (ptr == nullptr)
{
    // safe null check
}

In C++, moving constant values outside of loops improves readability and avoids repeating the same value inside the loop.


// less clear
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
    process(i);
}

// clearer
const int limit = 10;
for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++)
{
    process(i);
}

In C++, avoiding unnecessary else blocks can make the code easier to read by reducing nesting and keeping the main logic clear.


bool isValid = false;

// harder to read
if (isValid)
{
    std::cout << "Valid";
}
else
{
    return;
}

// clearer
if (!isValid)
{
    return;
}

std::cout << "Valid";

In C#, const values are fixed at compile time, while readonly values can be assigned at runtime, usually in the constructor.


// const: value must be known at compile time
public const int MaxItems = 10;

// readonly: value can be set at runtime
public readonly int Timeout;

public Settings()
{
    Timeout = GetTimeoutFromConfig();
}